（解析版）
高考英语真题【阅读理解】分类拔高练习05 社会文化类
1.（2015·安徽）阅读理解
Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In
many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
（1）According to the passage, sharing bread______. A.indicates a lack of food B.can help to develop unity C.is a custom unique to rural areas D.has its roots in birthday celebrations
（2）What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A.Trust. B.Success. C.Health. D.Togetherness.
（3）The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.
http://www.doczj.com/doc/d314091057.html,ing examples B.making comparisons C.analyzing causes D.describing processes
（4）What is the passage mainly about? A.The custom of sharing food. B.The specific meaning of food. C.The role of food in ceremonies. D.The importance of food in culture. 【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）A（4）D
【意思】食物作为一种交流，有两种基本方式。分享面包或其他食物是人类的共同传统，可以促进团结和信任。食物也可以有特定的意义，在家庭或文化的庆祝活动或传统中扮演重要的角色。
分享面包,是否在一个特别的场合或在家庭餐桌上,是一种常见的团聚的象征。许多文化还用蛋糕来庆祝生日和婚姻，蛋糕会被切好分给客人。早期的蛋糕只是一种面包，所以这个传统起源于分享面包的习俗。
在许多新年庆祝活动中，食物也扮演着重要的角色。在美国南部,玉米面包片代表块黄金繁荣。在新的一年里。在希腊，人们分享一种叫做vasilopita的特殊蛋糕。一枚硬币放入蛋糕,这意味着成功的人在新的一年里收到它。
许多文化都有庆祝孩子出生的仪式，食物在其中扮演着重要的角色。在中国，当一个婴儿一个月大的时候，家人会给他们的孩子起名，并在庆祝活动中欢迎他们，其中还包括给客人送上红色的鸡蛋。在许多文化中，圆形食物，如葡萄，面包和月饼是在欢迎庆祝活动中吃，代表家庭团圆。
营养是生命所必需的，所以食物在世界各地的不同文化中是如此重要的一部分也就不足为奇了。
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的文化包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝方式。食物通过两种基本的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.“可知，分享食物可以促进团结和建立信任。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year...“可知，硬币预示着来年的成功。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的”In China, when a baby is one month old...In many cultures, round foods.“可知，作者主要使用了举例的方法来解释食物在庆祝中的角色。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的”and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions“和第四段中的”Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate“及最后一段
中的”food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.“可知，文章主要讲的是食物在不同文化中的作用。故选D。2.
Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include these rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All thecompetitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they
all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!
La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the
crowd.
The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash!
（1） In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must____ .
A.wear various formal clothes
B.roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C.kick or throw their cheese
http://www.doczj.com/doc/d314091057.html,e a real cheese weighing about four kilos
（2）Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held? A.In New Mexico. B.In the Caribbean. C.In Australia. D.In China.
（3）The celebration of La Tomatina lasts_____ . A.three days B. seven days
C.less than three days D. more than seven days
（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the
passage?
A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）B （4）C
【意思】细节理解题，社会文化类，说明文
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，分别讲述了英国、新墨西哥以圾巴西的几个关于食物的传统节日，
1.B细节理解题，根据第一段第二句Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. 可以和道，四个队伍．穿着滑稽搞笑的服装，在50米的路程中卷一个完整的奶酪，以及后面倒数第二句括号里面的内disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones.这个奶酪是木头的．故选B.
2.A细节理解题.根据第二段第一句Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.可以知道，这是在新墨西哥发生的事情，从段落中第三句Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festiva.可以知道人们到新墨西哥是为了参加Fiery Eood Festival，故选A.
3.B细节理解题．根据文章第三段第二句A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events.可以和道，西红柿大战这个西班牙的节日的持续
时间是一周，故选B.
4.C细节理解题，根据文章第二段倒数第二个破折号后面的文字or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. 可以知道，可以任意品尝展出的上千种的食物，故选C.
3. Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no
warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.
Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.
Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have
time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.
One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the
floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to
greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. \"He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting
its first flight,\" Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though
nothing had happened.
（1）What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?
A.It was carried out once a year. B.It was often announced in advance. C.It was important for the keeper's fame. D.It was focused on the garage and yard.
（2）The family began making preparations immediately after ______.
A.one of the members saw the boat B.a warning call reached the lighthouse C.the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap D.the inspector flew special flags in the distance
（3）Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.
A. result in some fun B.speed up washing them C.make her home look tidy
D.be a demand from the inspector
（4）If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______.
A.an empty pan B.many clean dishes C.pieces of baked bread D.a cloth covering something
（5）The inspector waved his arms ______. A.to try his best to keep steady B.to show his satisfaction with the floor C.to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother D.to express his intention to continue the inspection 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）C （4）D （5）A
【意思】细节理解题，社会文化类，日常生活类
【解析】试题分析本文讲述了如何利用各种方法应对巡视员的突袭。
1，C 仔细理解题根据第一段的倒数第四行和倒数第三行：and a keeper's reputation depended on results. （看守人的名声取决于结果的好坏）
可知，故选C
2，A细节理解题根据第二段的第三句话：As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and cha nge into fancy clothes可知在建庭成员中一旦有人发现船的到来，全家人就开始快速准备故
选A
3． C 细节理解题．根据倒数第三段的第二句话Betty Byrnes
remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes b efore an inspection 可知没有时间在检查之前去洗所有的碗，所以Mrs·Byrnse将所有的碗都丢进了烤箱避免被 inspection发现，故选C
4 ，D细节理解题．根据倒数第二段的倒数第三行： Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a clot h and stuck them in the oven.
可知当 inspection打开烤箱的时候他只会看到一块盖着布的某物故选D
5，A细节推理题。根据最后一段倒数第四行可知 inspection挥动着他的双手保持平衡，故选A
4.The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay, th e philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could
continue to exist over centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
（1）According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?
A.It introduces different cultural values. B.It explains the history of artistic works. C.It relates artistic values to local conditions. D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.
（2）In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____
A.great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B.history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures （3）According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____
A.they are results of scientific study
B.they establish some general principles of art C.they are created by the world’s greatest artists D.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature （4）Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A.Are Artistic Values Universal?
B.Are Popular Arts Permanent? C.Is Human Nature Uniform? D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific? 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）D （4）A
【意思】主旨大意题，推理判断题，社会文化类，说明文 【解析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。
1.推断题。根据第一段第一句话可失叶很据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的土会经济条件结合在一块，故选C项。
2.推断题。根据第二段提到第二行和第三行提到可失呸会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较，正如日本的画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选A项。
3.推断题。根据第三段第一句话提到可知Davide 曾辩论到风格的原则上是没有变化的，所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选D项。
4.主题标题。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作者提出不同的观点，故选A项。
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